考研阅读热点话题之英国脱欧公投

　　考研英语阅读不乏一些热点话题，这几天欧美舆论界最热的应该就是英国脱欧公投的消息了，小编今天就以《经济学人》上一篇新闻为例，给大家聊聊怎么理解这类文章。
　　**部分原文：
　　Britain’s EU referendum: Divided we fall
　　A vote to leave the European Union would diminish both Britain and Europe.
　　THE peevishnessof the campaigning has obscuredthe importance of what isat stake. A vote to quit the European Union on June 23rd, which polls say is a growing possibility, would do grave and lasting harm to the politics and economy of Britain. The loss of one of the EU’s biggest members would gouge a deep wound in the rest of Europe. And, with the likes of Donald Trump and Marine Le Pen fuelling economic nationalism andxenophobia, it would mark a defeat for the liberal order that has underpinned the West’s prosperity. That, clearly, is not the argument of the voices calling to leave. As witheurosceptics across the EU, their story is about liberation and history. Quitting thesclerotic, undemocratic EU, the Brexiteers say, would set Britain free to reclaim its sovereign destiny as an outward-looking power. Many of these people claim the mantle of liberalism- the creed that this newspaper has long championed. They sign up to the argument that free trade leads to prosperity. They make the right noises about small government andred tape. They say that their rejectionof unlimited EU migrationstems not fromxenophobia so much as a desire to pick people with the most to offer.
　　一：
　　核心词汇短语：
　　diminish v. 削弱
　　obscure v. 使模糊，使隐晦，使费解
　　at stake 有风险，成败难料
　　fuel v.加剧
　　nationalismn. 民主主义
　　defeat n. 失败
　　liberal adj. 自由主义的
　　underpin v. 构成（……的基础），巩固
　　prosperityn. 繁荣
　　undemocratic adj. 不民主的
　　reclaim v. 收回
　　sovereign n. 君主 adj. 至高无上的，具有独立主权的
　　creed n. 信条
　　champion v. 捍卫，声援
　　rejection n. 排斥
　　stem from 来自于
　　超纲词汇短语：
　　peevishnessn. 脾气不好；爱发牢骚
　　gougev. 用半圆凿子挖
　　xenophobian. 仇外
　　eurosceptics n. 疑欧派
　　sclerotic adj. 硬化的，僵硬的
　　mantle n. 职责
　　Brexiteer n. 支持英国退出欧盟的人
　　red tape 繁文缛节；官样文章
　　二：难句理解
　　1.THE peevishness of the campaigning has obscuredthe importance of what isat stake.
　　译文：竞选活动中（宣扬脱欧的活动人士）对欧盟的各种抱怨模糊了投票结果风险的重要性。
　　分析：本句是简单句，但是理解起来很难，需要使用意译原则，campaigning 指的是那些支持英国脱离欧盟的各种宣传活动，而他们支持脱欧的行为，被作者贬为“爱发牢骚”（这种态度很明显地表明作者反对英国脱欧；考研英语上对作者情感态度揣测，就需要体会一些词语的褒贬）。
　　2. A vote to quit the European Union on June 23rd, which polls say is a growing possibility, would do grave and lasting harm to the politics and economy of Britain.
　　译文：将于6月23日举行的退出欧盟的全民公投会对英国的政治和经济造成严重且持久的伤害；而民调显示，英国退出欧盟的可能性在逐渐增大。
　　分析：which引导的从句做插入语，导致主句的主谓分离。翻译时，为了不破坏主句的核心意思，需要先把主句翻译出来，然后再翻译which引导的从句。
　　3.Quitting thesclerotic, undemocratic EU, the Brexiteers say, would set Britain free to reclaim its sovereign destiny as an outward-looking power. Many of these people claim the mantle of liberalism- the creed that this newspaper has long championed.
　　译文：支持英国脱欧的人认为，退出僵化、不民主的欧盟会使英国能够重夺其作为外向型大国的主权命运。他们其中的许多人宣称自由主义的职责，也是本报纸一直捍卫的信条。
　　分析：两个句子联系紧密，故放在一起讲解。句式虽然不算太过复杂，但是难词较多，理解起来也比较抽象。要会体会作者的观点，不被局部文章带偏，本句及其之后的句子写的是支持脱离欧盟的人所持的观点，他们认为他们的观点多么的正确，比如重新夺回主权，张扬自由主义，主张大市场，小政府等；但是，要记住作者是支持英国留在欧盟的，所以是不赞同这些人士的话的。从作者写的语气也能体会出来，比如这句的claim（宣称）的贬义色彩，也就是作者认为他们不过是挂着羊头卖狗肉而已（用自由主义的幌子兜售私利罢了）。
　　小结：对于《经济学人》上面的文章，许多同学表示单词都查了，句式好像也不太难，但是为什么还是觉得很难理解，读不懂呢？针对这个问题，小编觉得，读这样的文章，必须首先心静，其次要结合一点背景知识，最重要的是用心去揣摩作者的态度，读出句子所暗含的深层意思。而这正是研究生读外文文献应该具有的洞悉审察之心。

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