考研英语中与分词相关的知识点

在考研英语各类固定搭配结构中，分词是一个非常重要的考点，历来受到各位考生的重视。今天，北外网课（北京外国语大学网络课程）老师就归纳了和分词用法相关的知识点，帮助大家理解记忆。

分词做定语

(1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。

It’s easy to blame thedecline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changestaking place in our ever-increasing world.

(相当于the changes whichtake place...)  

(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。

Just as the value of a telephone networkincreases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of acomputer system increase with each program that turns out.  

(相当于…each new phonewhich is added to…)  

(3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义：deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, grown-up, retired,returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。

a faded curtain一个褪了色的窗帘  

a newly arrived student一个新来的学生    

分词做状语，注意区分分词的一般式与完成式  

(1)表示时间，多置于句首，注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词，要用完成式。

Having completed one task, we started onanother one.      

(2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根据情况有时要用完成式，有时用一般式。

There seemed little hope that the explorer,having been deserted in the tropical forest, would find his way throughit.  

(3)表示伴随、方式，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。

Anna was reading a piece of sciencefiction, completely lost  to the outsideworld.

(4)表示结果，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。

The city found itself in a crisis situationlast summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down,them unusable.  

(5)表示补充说明(同位)，置于句尾，用分词的一般式。

The article opens and closes withdescriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast withthe other.  

分词的独立主格结构  

分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语，称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分，但在翻译时经常译成独立的句子。

All flights having been canceled because ofthe snowstorm, we decided to take the train. Darkness setting in, the youngcouple lingered on merrymaking.    

分词做表语和补语

(1)现在分词表示主语或宾语的特征，多以事物做逻辑主语。

His victory in the final was no moreconvincing than I had expected.  

(2)过去分词表示主语或宾语所处的状态或对某事的心理反应和感受，多以人做逻辑主语。

People cannot but feel puzzled. For they simply cannot understandhow he could have made such a stupid mistake