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如何攻破托福阅读插空题

2016-11-21 01:30:42 来源:北外网课

  在新托福阅读的考查中,每篇文章必会出现一类题,叫做"Insert Text Questions",即插空题。下面前程百利小编将给大家介绍托福阅读插空题的解题技巧。
  首先,我们要了解插空题的关键—线索词。所谓线索词,就是能够让我们了解句子间逻辑或者语法联系的词。一般线索词有以下几类:
  一类:代词,比如this, it, they
  如果要插入的句子的有代词,可是代词所指代的内容又没有出现在句子本身,那么我们就可以根据代词的单复数等性质找到它指代的内容,再插入到该句之后。
  Example:
  Where would the sentence best fit?
  This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.
  Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
  ■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.
  看到了this,明显指代的是前文所提到的内容。再根据句子后半部分a question that has puzzled scientists for ages, 了解到this的指代内容原来是个question, 并且是科学难题呀。再看原文四个插入点,第二个就明显很合适了。
  第二类:名词,通常出现在句子中的形式为:this/these/such/another…+名词
  如果句子中的线索词不是**类的代词,而是像上面的这个形式,那么这个最后的名词就是我们的线索词,童鞋们要对于这个词保持敏感。这个名词一般会在原文已经出现过,我们要找到这个地方,再把句子插入适当的位置。
  Example:
  Where would the sentence best fit?
  This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.
  ■ the raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.■
  这里的线索词就是economic reliance,回去原文找根源,第二个插入口前面一句the raise of livestock is a major economic activity…,发现economic reliance就是major economic activity就是同义转换。
  但是这个时候不要过于着急把句子插进第二个插入口,你想一下啊,有可能作者在说这个topic的时候,有可能用了几个句子来阐述,所以要严谨一些,看看如果插入第二个口,右边意思是否衔接呢。这个例子中,插入句子描写了一个不好的结果—overgrazing,而第二个插入口后一句话就是写了consequences of excessive grazing,因此逻辑上也是通顺的,可以安心地把句子放在第二个插入口啦~~~
  第三类:逻辑词
  以上两类线索词都是根据文中的语法联系来解题的,可是有些题目中的插入句没有这两类线索词,那么它的线索词就可能是一些表示因果、转折等各种逻辑关系的逻辑词,举例来说就是,however/but…这类表转折和thus/accordingly/consequently/hence…这类表因果关系的词,相信大家在写作的时候也有把这些词倒背如流了。
  这一类的插入题可能比前两类线索词的题目要相对难一些,因为干扰项会比较强大,但是只要细心,同学们还是可以攻克的。下面看一个例子:
  Example:
  Where would the sentence best fit?
  Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
  ■Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills.■Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.
  这个题目中,插入局句首的consequently就是一个表结果的线索词,表明前文所说的事情导致了tunas不需要吸入水。我们看到第二个插入点的前一句话说,tunas张开嘴水就会被推进他们的嘴里,如果把插入局放在这句后面逻辑上是十分连贯的。
  可是一些人会觉得第三个插入点也很合适,因为这个插入点的前一句说,tunas失去了其他鱼用来吸水的肌肉,如果后面说tunas不需要吸水貌似也合理,但是要注意,插入局用的是需要need,如果tunas失去了肌肉,那么就是不是需不需要,而是可不可以了。
  插入第二个插入点后,再检查下前后文的连贯,发现很适合。如果放在第三个插入点的话,和后文的衔接就会变得奇怪。因此,童鞋们要细心一些,记得检查~
  介绍完三类线索词,其实大家对于插入题的做题方法心中也有了个大概,总结一下,就是三个步骤:
  步骤1:在插入句中找到线索词
  步骤2:讲原文整段通读,找到满足线索词插入的地方
  步骤3:瞻前顾后,检查插入后原文前后的逻辑和表达是否通顺
  以上就是托福阅读插空题的解题方法,希望对大家有所帮助。有关托福阅读的更多内容,请关注前程百利托福考试栏目。

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