在考研英语中,凡涉及到定语从句的考点,都会考查学生对各类不同关系词的考查。今天,北外网课(北京外国语大学网络课程)老师就就对定语从句中常用的关系词用法进行了汇总,一起来看看吧。
指人的关系代词:who, whom, whose, that:
(1)作主语(who, that )
The man who/that is talking with Mr. Wangis a famous doctor. 正在和王先生说话的那个人是一个有名的医生。
在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词who/that引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词is talking的主语。
这个复合句可以还原成两个句子:The man is a famous doctor. He is talking with Mr. Wang.
(2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom, that )。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略;
This is just the man(whom/that) I want forthe job.这正是我要的做这份工作的人。
在本句中,先行词是the man;关系代词whom/that 引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任动词want 的宾语。
(3)当关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语时,不能用that,也不能省略,
我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。 Who is the boy with whom youwere talking a moment ago.
但是当介词放在从句末尾时,作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。 如上头两句可改为:
The book (that /which) I got a lot ofinformation from was written by a famous scientist. Who is the boy (that/whom) you were talkingwith a moment ago?
指物的关系代词which和that:
(1)作主语
This is the instruction manual which/thattells you how to operate the computer. 这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。
(2)作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略:
The film (which/that) I saw last night wasabout a soldier who fought in WWII. 我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。 (本句有两个定语从句。)
whose 和of which 指代人或事物,作定语。ofwhich 可用whose 代替;
The car whose lights (of which thelights/the lights of which) were all broken was my father’s. 那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。
关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语,
Peter is the one who everybody believeswill fail to bring off the contract. Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。(everybodybelieves 是插入语)
关系代词作从句的主语时,从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致:
Are you staying at the white housewhich/that is newly completed and which /that has 15 bedrooms, 3 kitchens and 4toilets? 你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗?
非限定性定语从句不用that,只用who(whose, whom)和which代表人和物; 例:Herbrothers, both of whom work in America, ring her up every week。
她的兄弟们??两个人都在美国工作??每个星期都给她打电话。
Cricket,which I know very little about, is a very popular sport in England。 板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动,我对它知之甚少。